WMI filter by OS Name

 

For Windows 10 in general:
Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Caption LIKE 'Microsoft Windows 10%'

Example for english Windows 7, Server 2008r2 and 10 (but not Windows 8.x or 2008):
Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE (Caption LIKE 'Microsoft Windows 7%' OR Caption LIKE ‘Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2%' OR Caption LIKE 'Microsoft Windows 10%’) AND OSLanguage = 1033